REAL TIME GRAPHIC AND RENDERING

Introduction
Short history
The history of Computer Graphics goes to the very early ages of the 1960s. In 1961 the first video game was created it was called Spacewar (Created by Steve Russell at MIT) in 1963 a program which ever utilized a complete Graphical User Interface was created. This program was called Sketchpad (Created by Ivan Sutherland). 1971 saw one of the most important advancements in CG – the microprocessor (CPU) January 1984, Apple released the first personal computer to use a graphical interface. Starting from the early 1990s to present many film industries has been incorporating CG in their business and thus increasing the demand for rapid development of CG and rendering.

Meaning of some basic term
Raster/Bitmap Image: an image that is displayed through the arrangement of pixels on the screen.
Vector Images: an image that is created by using mathematical algorithms and geometric functions to represent its size and shapes
Model: is a 2D image or 3D object created to resemble the actual thing. Modeling: the process of creating models
Texturing: refers to the process of building a surface’s detail and indicating how that surface will react to light.
Animation: Is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement. Computer graphic: is a computer based mathematical representation of a geometric object such as a building, a vehicle, a tree or any object including humans.
A model also can be a representation of a process such as a weather pattern, traffic flow, air flowing over a wing or any other.
Rendering is the final process of creating the actual 2D image from the designed 3D objects or other 2D images (vector Images) also can be referred to as a process of converting vector images to raster images, a process known as rasterization.

Methods of Rendering
Image-based Rendering (IBR) is the method of rendering which is applied in the field nowadays, IBR refers to the convert ion of a 3D objects or vector images into a series of raster images. This method I good for complex 3D scenes.



GRAPHIC APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE
Is a software interface for Graphic Hardware, Provide the low-level functions to access graphics hardware directly. Example: OpenGL and DirectX/Direct3D
OGL is a graphical API that is used to access graphics hardware directly, Hardware Independent it is suitable for all kinds of Platforms and all graphics hardware. Window System independent, that is it can be used in Win32, X-Win, Mac



WHAT OGL DO
Draw basic primitives (point, line, and polygon).
Matrix operation
Hidden Surface Removal (Z-Buffer)
Lighting and Shading
Texturing/Texture mapping
Pixel Operations
GPU computation

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER GRAPHIC AND RENDERING
v In the field of Engineering It minimizes the cost of actual production/ construction.
v In filming industries It gives more flexibility and allows complex effects and movies to be produced
v In gaming it allows real objects to be designed and programmed so that gaming becomes more interesting
v In medicine CG simulation of body organs helps the process of studying the body easier.

DISADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND RENDERING
Ø It takes time to design a model by using a computer therefore depending on the size of the scene CG and rendering can waste time
Ø Most of the CG applications have got complicated interfaces thus making it easy for normal individual to seize the concept.
Ø It requires powerful machines for fast rendering,
Ø It Is taking the part of human actors in some of the movies/films thus these people don’t get money.

CONCLUSION
CG and rendering is very important in many fields of life; medicine, engineering, films/games, and all technological fields. Therefore it’s our role as IT experts to know the application and come into application of the field.