IRIS RECOGNITION

Introduction
IRIS recognition fall under biometrics authentification.Biometric is a technology for automatic human identification and verification using unique biological traits.
Iris is the muscles within the eye that regulate the size of the pupil and controlling the amount of light that enters the eye .Iris recognition is the process of analyzing the randomly pattern of the iris.

Short history
The iris develop during prenatal (Before birth)
growth through the process of tight forming and folding of the tissue membrane. Degradation occurs, resulting the pupil opening and randomly, unique pattern of iris. Although genetically are identical, an individual irises are unique and structurally distinct which allow for its to be used for recognition.

In the earlier time there were ophthalmology. Ophthalmology Is the branch of medicine which deals with study and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eyes. In 1936 ophthalmologist Frank Barch proposed the idea of using iris as the method of identifying and recognize individual. In 1985, Dr .Leonard Flom and Aran Safira proposed the concept that no two iris are a like.198 7 Flom awarded a patent for iris identification concept.Then Flom approaches help Dr. John Daugman to develop the algorithm for Automatic identification of human iris.1993; DNA(Defence Nuclear Agency) begun to work to test and deliver prototype unit which completed in 1995, due to the combine effort of Dr., Flom and Dougman.There fore in 1995 the first product commercial become available.

How to recognize Iris
Before recognition takes place the iris is located into the landmark features. The landmark features and the distinct shape of iris allow for imaging, features isolation and extraction. Remember localization of iris is an important step in iris recognition because if it is being done improperly can result to noises. Also require use of high quality digital camera, but today’s commercial iris cameras typical use infrared to illuminate the iris without causing harm.

DRAW THE PHASES (VECTORS)
imaging an iris ,2D Gabor wavelet fibers and map the segment of iris into vector. This vector includes the information on the orientation and spatial frequency and the position of this area.

FILTER THE BYTES
Iris pattern are described by an iris code, using the phase information collected in phase.
A phase characteristics of iris can be described using 256 bytes using polar coordinate system. Also included in the description of the iris are control bytes that are used to exclude eyelashes, reflection and other unwanted data.


TEST THE STATISTICAL INDEPENDENCE
T o perform recognition, two iris codes are compared. The amount of different between two iris codes Harming Distance is used as test of statistical independence between two iris codes. If HD indicates that less than one third of the bytes in the iris code are different, the iris code fail the test of statistical significance, indicating that iris code are from the same iris.

Advantages of Iris recognition
v Ease usage.
v Certain conclusion ands minimum error rate.
v Since the iris are unique ,this ensures maximum security.
v Identification of a persons who have limited use of hands or arms.
v Is its stability, or template longevity .

Disadvantages of Iris recognition
Scanner height adjustment, Small target, huge system size, High cost. Problem of user, Distance scanning, Border control, Environmental challenges, High quality image.

Conclusion
To insure maximum security of our country borders as well as personal security we should not lie behind this technology since it is the most reliable biometric technology. This recognition is especially attractive due to stability of the iris texture pattern.